Common European Framework of Reference
Fontys defines the objectives of its language courses according to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
This was developed by the Council of Europe.
The CEFR is an established European framework of level descriptions for modern foreign languages. It provides a comprehensive and precise description of language proficiency, divided into six levels. A condensed version of the CEFR can be found below.
Basic language user
A1
Can understand and use familiar, everyday expressions and basic phrases about concrete needs. Can introduce themself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details (such as where someone lives, people they know and things they have). Can communicate in a simple way, if the other person speaks slowly and clearly and is willing to help.
A2
Can understand sentences and regularly occurring expressions related to matters of immediate interest (e.g. personal details, family, shopping, local geography, work). Can communicate during simple and everyday tasks that require a straightforward and direct exchange on familiar and everyday issues. Can describe in simple terms aspects of their own background, immediate environment and issues relating to immediate needs.
Independent language user
B1
Can understand the main points of standard communication on familiar topics regularly encountered at work, at school, in free time, etc. Can deal with most situations that tend to arise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple, coherent texts on familiar topics or topics of personal interest. Can describe experiences, events, dreams, expectations and ambitions and succinctly give reasons or explanations for opinions and plans.
B2
Can understand the core ideas of complex texts on specific and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their specialisation. Can communicate so fluently and spontaneously that regular interaction with native speakers is not difficult for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a variety of topics. Can present a position on a given topic, indicating advantages and disadvantages and different options.
Proficient language user
C1
Can understand difficult, longer texts of various kinds. Can recognise implicit meaning. Can express oneself fluently and spontaneously, without searching for words too obviously. Can use the language flexibly and efficiently for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed texts on complex topics, with well-considered text structure, clear coherence and good use of connecting words.
C2
Can effortlessly understand everything they hear or read. Can summarise information from spoken or written sources and reconstruct arguments and explanations coherently. Can express oneself spontaneously, very fluently, precisely and with nuance, even in more complex situations.
